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The Bioeconomy : Institutions, Innovation and Sustainability
The bioeconomy is steadily becoming more important in regional, national and European public policies.As it encompasses the transformation of agricultural, marine and organic resources into food, feed, fuels, energy and materials, the bioeconomy should become a major new industry, outlining the possibility of a post-fossil future.This book is the first attempt to depict the origins, formation and challenges of this new industry in terms of emerging institutions, innovation and economic strategies.The result of this work is that the substitution of raw materials alone is not enough to get out of the fossil economy. This book develops a political economy of the ecological transition which theorizes the transition as a new crisis of capitalism.This phase is characterized by stakeholders’ attempts to develop renewed rationales and strategies to take control of the reorganization of flows of natural resources, their outcomes and their evaluation.The proposed framework considers recent results in four complementary research strands: transition studies, institutional economics, ecological economics and the evolutionary economics of innovation. The book will be of interest to researchers interested in the development of the bioeconomy, and both researchers and students seeking to understand the role of heterodox economics in the ecological transition.
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Biofuels, Bioenergy and Food Security : Technology, Institutions and Policies
Biofuels, Bioenergy and Food Security: Technology, Institutions and Policies explores the popular ‘Food versus Fuel’ debates, discussing the complex relationship between the biofuel and agricultural markets.From the importance of bioenergy in the context of climate change, to the potentially positive environmental consequences of growing second generation biofuels crops, this book provides important insights into the impact of policy, the technical implementation and the resulting impact of biofuels.The discussion of existing issues hindering the growth of the cellulosic biofuel industry and their remedies are particularly relevant for policy makers and others associated with the biofuel industry. Transferring information on bioenergy economy through the discussion of the current and emerging biofuel market, country specific case studies explain the existing biofuel policy and its consequences to both the energy and agricultural markets.Economic simulation models explain the future of the bioenergy markets. Biofuels, Bioenergy and Food Security: Technology, Institutions and Policies is an invaluable resource to the students, scientific community, policy makers, and investors in the bioenergy industry.Students will benefit from a variety of perspectives on major societal questions in context of the interaction between food security and bioenergy.Its review of existing literature on the biofuel marker, investment opportunities, and energy independence provides a broad overview to allow informed decision making regarding the industry.
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Foundations of Post-Schumpeterian Economics : Innovation, Institutions and Finance
The neo-Schumpeterian interpretation dominating the field of evolutionary economics puts focus on technological innovation, Darwinian evolution and economic growth, and has proven to be fertile ground for the past forty years.However, as the evolutionary school attempts to engage with a world of inequality, financialization and economic fragility, the limits of such an interpretation begin to show.Contributing to the development of a more balanced post-Schumpeterian economics, this book offers a complementary interpretation of Schumpeter’s theory which is based on economic innovation, Bergsonian creative evolution and monetary mechanisms and institutions. The theoretical consequences of this new interpretation are significant and numerous.First, it leads to a conceptual separation of economic and technological innovation.Second, it offers a deeper integration of monetary and financial elements within the theory of the process of development, illustrating the adaptive and planning role provided by financial speculation under capitalist conditions.Third, it provides the foundations for a post-Schumpeterian theory of capitalist crisis, built on the relationship between innovation funding, the institutional development of banking and speculative credit creation.Finally, by discussing several key recent developments in evolutionary economics, the interpretation illustrates the opportunities unlocked by a pluralist approach to disciplinary development, aiming towards the development of a comprehensive post-Schumpeterian approach to economics.This text is essential reading for scholars and students of Schumpeter, evolutionary economics, post-Keynesian economics, institutional economics and all economists interested in the ontological, methodological and theoretical challenges posed by economic development.
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The Ages of Globalization : Geography, Technology, and Institutions
Today’s most urgent problems are fundamentally global.They require nothing less than concerted, planetwide action if we are to secure a long-term future.But humanity’s story has always been on a global scale.In this book, Jeffrey D. Sachs, renowned economist and expert on sustainable development, turns to world history to shed light on how we can meet the challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century. Sachs takes readers through a series of seven distinct waves of technological and institutional change, starting with the original settling of the planet by early modern humans through long-distance migration and ending with reflections on today’s globalization.Along the way, he considers how the interplay of geography, technology, and institutions influenced the Neolithic revolution; the role of the horse in the emergence of empires; the spread of large land-based empires in the classical age; the rise of global empires after the opening of sea routes from Europe to Asia and the Americas; and the industrial age.The dynamics of these past waves, Sachs demonstrates, offer fresh perspective on the ongoing processes taking place in our own time—a globalization based on digital technologies.Sachs emphasizes the need for new methods of international governance and cooperation to prevent conflicts and to achieve economic, social, and environmental objectives aligned with sustainable development.The Ages of Globalization is a vital book for all readers aiming to make sense of our rapidly changing world.
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What are social institutions?
Social institutions are established systems or structures within society that fulfill specific functions and roles. These institutions help to organize and regulate social behavior, norms, and interactions. Examples of social institutions include family, education, government, religion, and the economy. They play a crucial role in shaping individuals' beliefs, values, and behaviors, as well as maintaining social order and stability.
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What are legal institutions?
Legal institutions are the organizations and systems that are responsible for creating, interpreting, and enforcing laws within a society. These institutions include courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory bodies, and legislative bodies. They play a crucial role in maintaining order, resolving disputes, and upholding the rule of law within a society. Legal institutions also provide a framework for individuals and businesses to understand their rights and obligations under the law.
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Are institutions necessary or not?
Institutions are necessary for a functioning society as they provide structure, stability, and governance. They help establish and enforce rules, norms, and laws that guide behavior and interactions among individuals. Institutions also play a crucial role in promoting social order, economic development, and the protection of rights and freedoms. Without institutions, there would be chaos, uncertainty, and a lack of accountability in society.
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Which institutions have religious functions?
Religious institutions such as churches, mosques, temples, synagogues, and other places of worship have religious functions. These institutions serve as places for communal worship, prayer, and religious rituals. They also provide religious education, guidance, and support for their members. Additionally, religious institutions often play a role in providing social services and charitable work in their communities.
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Imperfect Unions : Security Institutions Over Time and Space
International institutions play important roles in political-military issues as well as in economic and environmental affairs.Indeed, it is impossible to understand efforts to resolve regional and local conflicts, or the form and pace of alliance formation and expansion, without paying attention to security institutions.Imperfect Unions discusses a wide variety of security institutions, including NATO, the Western European Union, United Nations peacekeeping, the ASEAB Regional Forum, and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe.It describes changes in security institutions, documents the effects of such institutions on national policies, and explores the conditions that affect the patterns of co-operation and discord that ensue. The book helps to improve our understanding of recent developments in international relations such as NATO enlargement and the regionalization of peacekeeping.In theoretical terms, it shows how institutionalist approaches, such as those represented in this volume, can enrich the important field of security studies.
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Hindu Administrative Institutions
The book presents a broader picture of the administrative system with the support of sacred texts associated with Vedic Hinduism.Divided into eight sections, the text is based primarily on two treatises, Dharmasastra and Arthasastra.The first part of the book covers the political institutions and ideas of monarchical governance.It describes interesting themes such as principles of warfare, and the obligations of kings.The author further discusses taxation, the revenue system, finance, loan grants, the judiciary system, and structures in the military system.
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How Institutions Matter!
This double volume presents a collection of 23 papers on how institutions matter to socio-economic life.The effort was seeded by the 2015 Alberta Institutions Conference, which brought together 108 participants from 14 countries and 51 different institutions.The resulting papers delve deeply into the practical impact an institutional approach enables, as well as how such research has the potential to influence policies relevant to critical institutional changes unfolding in the world today.In Volume 48A, the focus is on the micro foundations of institutional impacts.In Volume 48B, the focus is on the macro consequences of institutional arrangements.Looking across the two volumes, there are multiple theoretical, conceptual, methodological and practical points of convergence and divergence.Overall, the volumes highlight the many ways in which institutional processes and institutional researchers can contribute to our understanding of the micro foundations and macro consequences of institutions and their impacts on a wide variety of globally pressing issues, while also identifying a variety of fruitful directions for knowledge accumulation and development.
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Fashion and Environmental Sustainability : Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology
The wide range of topics that the book covers are organised into sections reflecting a cradle to grave view of how entrepreneurial, innovative, and tech-savvy approaches can advance environmental sustainability in the fashion sector.These sections include: sustainable materials; innovation in design, range planning and product development; sustainable innovations in fashion supply chains; sustainable innovations in fashion retail and marketing; sustainable alternatives for end-of-life and circular economy initiatives; and more sustainable alternative fashion business models.
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What is the meaning of institutions?
Institutions refer to established organizations or systems that play a significant role in society by shaping norms, values, and behaviors. These can include government bodies, educational systems, religious organizations, and more. Institutions provide structure and stability to society, influencing how individuals interact with one another and how resources are distributed. They help maintain order, enforce rules, and provide a framework for social interactions.
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What institutions existed in the 1970s?
In the 1970s, various institutions existed, including government bodies, educational institutions, financial institutions, healthcare facilities, and cultural organizations. Government institutions included the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the federal, state, and local levels. Educational institutions encompassed schools, colleges, and universities. Financial institutions included banks, stock exchanges, and insurance companies. Healthcare facilities ranged from hospitals to clinics. Cultural organizations included museums, libraries, and arts centers. These institutions played crucial roles in shaping society and providing essential services during the 1970s.
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Are public-law institutions politically manipulated?
Public-law institutions can be politically manipulated, as they are often subject to influence from the government or other political actors. This manipulation can take various forms, such as the appointment of officials based on political loyalty rather than merit, interference in decision-making processes, or the use of public-law institutions for political gain. However, it is important to note that not all public-law institutions are politically manipulated, and many strive to maintain independence and impartiality in their operations. Efforts to safeguard the autonomy and integrity of public-law institutions are crucial for upholding the rule of law and ensuring fair and effective governance.
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How can one be happy in institutions?
One can be happy in institutions by finding a sense of purpose and fulfillment in their work or activities within the institution. Building positive relationships with colleagues and finding a supportive community within the institution can also contribute to happiness. Additionally, maintaining a healthy work-life balance and taking care of one's physical and mental well-being can help foster happiness in institutional settings. Finally, having a positive attitude and being open to growth and learning within the institution can also contribute to overall happiness.
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